韵律构词学理论与抑扬清浊说之间的关系——从诗话对同素异序词的研究谈起

The Relationship between the Theory of Rhythm Morphology and the Principle of Yi Yang Qing Zhuo

同素异序词是指构词语素相同而语素顺序互逆的一组双音节词。在诗歌中,关于同素异序词的成因,学术界流行两种观点,一种是押韵、一种是协调平仄,但对于一些处在句中、颠倒前后意义没有变化并且同为平声或同为仄声的异序词却难以用这两种观点进行解释。由于仄声包括上去入三声,其抑扬有不同,而平仄又据声母发音部位有清浊之分,文章在前两种观点的基础上,提出抑扬清浊说,而抑扬清浊说又是韵律构词学理论的本质。韵律构词学理论弥补了"押韵"和"协调平仄"两种观点的不足,一些同素异序词的成因用韵律构词学理论得到了合理解释。

Allotropy word refers to a set of two-syllable words with the same word-formation morpheme but with the reciprocal morpheme order. In the poetry, about the causes of allotropy word, there are two popular views in the academia. One is the rhyme, another is the coordination of Pingze, but it cannot be explained when it is in some sentences, even the meaning reversed with the same Ping tones or Ze tones. As Ze Sheng including even tone, rising tone and falling tone, which is different in rising tone and falling tone, while Ping Ze has different in voiced tone and voiceless tone, according to the initials of articulation. Therefore, on the basis of the above views, the paper puts forward the principle of Yi Yang Qing Zhuo, which is the nature of the theory of rhythm morphology, which makes up for the deficiencies the rhyming and coordination of Ping Ze, some allotropy words with theory of rhythm morphology get a reasonable explanation.