马克思—马斯洛人性论对思想政治教育的启示

Enlightenment of Marx and Maslow's Theory on Human Nature for Ideological and Political Education

思想政治教育的对象是人,对人性的充分认识和理解是提高思想政治教育有效性的根本。马克思提出人性是人的自然属性、社会属性、精神属性的统一;马斯洛的人性论是以"似本能"为基础的需要层次理论。马克思—马斯洛的人性论对思想政治教育具有重要的启示意义:思想政治教育必须坚持"以人为本",关注受教育者的物质需要,重视受教育者的社会属性,充分考虑教育对象的人性差异,激发其潜能与主观能动性,促进受教育者的自由全面发展和自我实现。

The object of ideological and political education is human, so fully realizing and understanding human nature is the foundation for improving effectiveness of ideological and political education. Marx proposed that human nature was a uniform of natural, social and spiritual attributes. Maslow＇ s theory on human nature is theory of needs hierarchy based on ＂instinctoid＂. Marx and Maslow＇s theory on human nature has important enlightenment for ideological and political education： ideological and political education must adhere to the ＂people-first＂ principle, pay attention to material needs and social attributes of the educatees, fully consider the difference of humanity, inspire individual＇s potential and subjective initiative, and promote their free and comprehensive development and self realization.