舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病短期疗效分析

Short-term efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for children with respiratory allergic diseases

目的观察分析舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病的1年期疗效。方法收集2010年1月至2010年8月于首都儿科研究所哮喘中心、顺义妇幼保健院、房山良乡医院等三家医院就诊的哮喘患儿共137例,按患儿监护人意愿,将137例呼吸道过敏性疾病患儿分为观察组85例和对照组52例。其中观察组采用舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂联合基础对症药物治疗的综合方案,对照组仅采用基础对症药物治疗。对2组患者进行为期1年的随访观察,并比较治疗前和治疗3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月后患儿的哮喘日夜间症状评分、鼻部症状评分、药物评分和1年后的哮喘发作次数及自我疗效评价。结果观察组与对照组在治疗1年后,哮喘日夜间症状评分、鼻部症状评分及药物评分均显著减少(P<0.05);组间比较显示,9个月起观察组的哮喘日夜间症状评分、鼻部症状评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且在治疗12个月后,观察组的药物评分、哮喘发作次数及患者自我疗效评价的好转例数比例也均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论综合治疗方案和基础对症药物治疗对儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病症状均有一定疗效,但综合治疗方案的效果比单纯药物更好。

Objectives To analyse the one-year efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for children with respiratory al- lergic diseases. Methods A total of 137 children have been enrolled and allocated into the SLIT group （N=85） receiv- ing SLIT plus drug and control group （N=52） receiving drug only. The day and night asthma symptoms, rhinitis symp- toms, medication, frequency of acute episode and self-evaluation in both groups were evaluated before treatment, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and one year after treatment. Results： After one year, the day and night asthma symptom scores, rhinitis symptom scores and medication scores in both groups showed a significant reduction （All P〈0.01）. In- ter-group analysis indicated that day and night asthma symptom scores and rhinitis symptom scores in the SLIT group were much lower than those in the control group after 9 months, with significant difference （P〈0.01）. Moreover, after one year, there was significant lower reduction of medication scores, frequency of acute episode and self-evaluation scores in the SLIT group, with significant difference （P〈0.01） .Conclusion： The efficacy of SLIT plus drug in children with respi- ratory allergic diseases is better than that of drug only.