地租怎样确定?——土地流转价格形成机制的社会学分析

How to Determine the Land Rent——A Sociological Study of Formation Mechanism of Land Circulation Price

经济学关于地租问题的一个基本命题是:地租是一种剩余,即地租是除去生产成本和农业资本正常利润后的剩余利润。影响地租水平的主要因素包括土地的自然条件、资本投入、供求关系和产权结构等。与经济学的研究思路不同,本文基于社会学视角分析地租的形成机制。本文强调,地租不仅是一个经济问题,而且是一个社会问题。地租的形成不仅受土地的自然条件、资本投入、供求关系、产权结构等因素的影响,而且深深地嵌入各个相关利益主体之间的"关系"中,受社会结构、社会规范、行政干预、风险分担等多重社会逻辑的交互作用。地租不仅是各个相关利益主体达成的经济性合约,更是一种"社会性合约"。

The basic proposition about land rent in economics is that land rent is a kind of remaining.It means that the land rent is the remaining profits removing the cost of production and common profit of agricultural capital.The main factors which influence the land rent level embrace the natural conditions of land,the capital investment,the supply-demand relationship and the structure of property rights.Different from the economic train of thought,the article analyzes the formation mechanism of land rent based on the perspective of sociology.The article believes that the land rent is an important issue not only in economy but also in society.The formation of land rent is not only influenced by the natural conditions of land,the capital investment,the supply-demand relationship and the structure of property rights,but also embedded in the relationship among the various stakeholders.It suffers from the interaction of many social factors,such as social structure,social rules,administrative intervention,and risk share and so on.The land rent is not only an economic contract reached by the various stakeholders,but also a kind of social contract.