体制重构、成本分担与利益分享:三峡水库例证

System Reconstruction, Cost Sharing and Benefit Sharing: Evidence of the Three Gorges Reservoir

江河大型水库具有较强的防洪、发电、供水、通航功能,可带来巨大的经济、社会、生态效益。然而,在政府主导、业主企业操控下,其建设及运行成本向库区政府、水库移民、水库周边城乡居民和企事业单位转嫁,导致这些主体的合法权益受损。只有深化江河大型水库建设及运行的体制改革,打破中央政府主导和国有电力企业垄断的基本格局,按"谁负责谁出资、谁受益谁投入"的原则分担成本和分享利益,在追求水库全局利益时兼顾库区利益,在追求水库公共利益时保护移民、周边居民和事业单位的利益,才能化解相关主体的利益矛盾,并使相关主体利益关系实现协调平衡。

Large-scale river reservoirs have strong function on flood controlling, power generating, water supplying and navigation, and can benefit a lot for economy, society and ecology. But in the domination of the central government and manipulation of enterprises constructing and operating reservoirs, the cost for the construction and operation of reservoirs shift to government and immigrants in the reservoir area, the surrounding urban and rural residents, and enterprises and institutions around the reservoir, which lead to the damage of legal rights of the above stakeholders. Only deepening the mechanism reform for the construction and operation of large-scale river reservoirs, breaking the basic pattern of the domination of the central government and monopoly of enterprises constructing and operating reservoirs sharing the cost and benefit according to the principle ＂whose responsible for funding, and whose benefit for put＂, taking into account on the interest of the reservoir areas when we in the pursuit of the general interests and taking into account on the interest of immigrants, the surrounding residents and enterprises and institutions around the reservoir when we in the pursuit of the public interests, can we resolve the conflict and achieve harmony and balance interest relationshin in the related stakeholders.