不同水质类别对育龄妇女生殖健康影响的流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of the Relationship Between Water Quality and Human Reproductive Health

目的:探讨湖北省长江流域、汉江流域及非沿江流域水质差异与不孕症的相关关系,了解水质差异对人类生殖健康的影响。方法:根据《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)对湖北省2004-2010年水质状况进行评价,再将湖北省长江流域、汉江流域及非沿江流域的生育年龄妇女的生殖健康状况进行对比,用统计学方法分析引起不孕症发生率不同的主要水环境因素。结果:①长江流域育龄妇女不孕症发生率为0.935%;汉江流域育龄妇女不孕症发生率为0.717%;而非沿江流域育龄妇女不孕症发生率为1.183%;非沿江流域育龄妇女不孕症发生率高于长江流域或汉江流域,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);②比较湖北省长江流域和汉江流域的水质资料,结果显示:长江流域或汉江流域水质自2004-2010年,水质类别达到Ⅲ类(适用饮水的最低水质标准)以上标准的面积波动在80%-90%,平均面积为85.72%;而非沿江流域水质类别达到Ⅲ类及以上标准的面积波动在44.3%-63.4%,平均面积为54.39%;③大面积水质类别达到Ⅲ类及以上的长江流域和汉江流域不孕症发生率显著低于大面积水质类别达到Ⅳ类(水质污染较严重)及以上标准的非沿江流域。结论:水质类别较差可能对我省育龄妇女生殖健康产生不利影响。

Objective. To investigate the relationship between human infertility and the water quality of Yangtze River, Hanjiang River and the other basins in Hubei province, and to discover how wa ter quality affects human reproduction. Methods.. The women＇s reproductive health status in dif- ferent water quality area of Hubei Province from 2004 to 2010 was analyzed according to Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard （GB3838-2002）. The related water quality factors to women infertility were analyzed by statistical methods. Results. ①The infertility incidence is 0. 935% in Yangtze River basin and 0. 717% in Hanjiang River basin respectively, and both were higher than 1. 183% in the other areas in Hubei province （P^0.01） ~ ②The average area of wa- ter quality reached Class Ⅲ （the basic condition of drinking water） and above is 85.72% （80^- 90%） in Yangtze River and Hanjiang River basins, which is much higher than 54.3%（44.3%- 63.4%） in other areas of Hubei ③The infertility incidence of Yangzi River and Hangjiang Riverbasins where the main water quality reaches the class HI and above is much lower than that of the other areas where the main water quality reaches the class 1V （high level of water pollution） and above. Conclusion. Lower water quality may adversely affect human reproductive health.