近代中国现代化的艰难启动及其根源分析

An Analysis of the Start and the Historical Root of China's Modernization

通过采用历史比较和文献分析等研究方法,对近代中国经济社会发展的历史进行剖析,认为从1840年到1949年,近代中国在外力的挑激下,被强行卷入世界现代化的发展轨道上,自此打破了原有社会系统的自足性,开启了社会结构的形变过程。但这百余年现代化进程是曲折和缓慢的。从甲午战败、维新变法到辛亥革命创立民国、再到国民政府时期的建设、抗日战争和解放战争时期,虽然中国社会内部的现代化因子和集团也在凝聚,且社会改革也推进到制度和文化层面上,但其所联系的经济、政治、文化、社会、外部环境等方面的要素,错综复杂地交织在一起,导致现代化的启动具有不连续性、曲折性和反复性。追溯近代中国现代化启动的根源,明确它的曲折艰难与反复,对于其在实践中的历史走向、探索具有中国特色的社会主义现代化道路和人类文明程度的提高都具有良性的助推意义。

From 1840 to 1949, stimulated by external factors, China was forced to involve itself in the track of world modernization. Since then, China＇s original system of selfsufficiency has been broken. The transfromation of the social structure has started. However, the advancement is winding and slow. From the Sino -Japanese war of 1894 -95, to the 1911 Revolution to the period of War of Liberation, although the Chinese society internal modernization factor and the group are condensing, the social reform has also extended to the system and culture levels. But the mixed factors such as economy, politics, culture and society have led to the discontiuty, windingness and relapse. Tracing the modernization in the above - mentioned period, it is of great significance for building socialism with Chinese chracteristics and the progress of the civilization of the whole world.