新中国以来内蒙古草原荒漠化防治问题的历史考察——以乌兰察布地区为例

A Historical Study of Controlling the Desertification of Inner Mongolia Grasslands since the Beginning of the New China——A Case Study of Wulanchabu

新中国成立之后,基于以环境恶化的认识,乌兰察布地区采取了一系列防治荒漠化的措施。1951年绥远省政府制定了"保护牧场,禁止开荒"政策,乌兰察布地区从1952年开始具体落实,封闭了一些不宜耕种的土地,使耕地面积趋于稳定。1950年先后组织群众封山育林,林木覆盖面积明显增加,在局部地区形成小气候。鉴于乌兰察布境内黄河流域河水泛滥造成的巨大灾害,1955年开始实施水土保持生态治理,所有这些措施对荒漠化都产生了很好的防治效果。

A series of measures to combat the desertification of Inner Mongolia grasslands has been taken in Wulanchabu since the foundation of the new China, based on the past perceptual knowledge of the environmental degradation of this place. After the government of the Suiyuan province established the policy of ＂No reclaiming wasteland to protect pastures＂ in 1951, the policy has specifically been implemented in Wulanchabu in 1952 by enclosing some unfavorable farming lands with the result of keeping the acreage of agricultural land unchanged. In 1950 the masses in Wulanchabu were organized to facilitate afforestation by closing hillsides, and the local microclimate in the area was formed because of the increasing cover area of forests.