三种设施蔬菜生产方式的生命周期评价

Life cycle assessment (LCA) on three facility modes of vegetable production

为了确定设施蔬菜生产对环境的影响程度及影响因素,应用生命周期评价(LCA)方法对3种蔬菜生产方式的生产过程进行了分析评价.结果表明:3种蔬菜生产方式对环境影响较大的是能源消耗、水资源消耗、全球变暖、环境酸化和水体富营养化;农作环节对环境的影响要大于农资生产环节,但无公害生产方式的农作环节对环境的影响只占农资生产环节的47.2%;运输环节对环境的影响较小.芬洛温室蔬菜生产在能源消耗、全球变暖、环境酸化和水体富营养化方面影响较大,其中,全球变暖、环境酸化和水体富营养化分别是中国人均基准值的58.3,32.5和15.1倍;而日光温室蔬菜生产在水资源消耗、人体毒性、水体毒性和陆生毒性方面影响较大;从整体上来说,芬洛温室蔬菜生产对环境的影响是最大的,是日光温室和无公害生产方式的101倍和740倍.

In order to determine the extent and the impact factors of the facilities vegetable production on environment,the environment impacts of three modes of vegetable production were assessed by the LCA.The results show that the main impacts of facility vegetable production on environment are energy depletion,fresh water depletion,global warming,acidification and eutrophication.The environment impact of farming system is greater than that of agriculture material system,while the environment impact of farming system by pollution-free way is 47.2％ of the agriculture material system.The impact of transportation is slight.The Venlo-type green house impacts of energy depletion,global warming and acidification are 58.3,32.5 and 15.1 times than those of person values in China,respectively.The solar-greenhouse impacts of fresh water depletion,human toxicity,fresh water toxicity and terrestrial toxicity are severe.The environment impacts of Venlo-greenhouse are 101 and 740 times than those of solar-greenhouse and pollution-free way,respectively.