对空间站变轨问题的初步研究

Preliminary Study of Orbital Transfering Problem of Space Stations

文中试图讨论空间站变轨过程中的燃料消耗问题,以天宫一号从低轨道向高轨道的变轨为例。首先,建立了空间站变轨过程的近似模型,在视变轨用时为零的情况下用齐奥科夫斯基公式对燃料消耗进行了初步分析;然后,考虑有限长的变轨时间以得到更精确的模型,计入变轨过程中的引力影响,并采用数值迭代方法进行了讨论。对照前后不同模型得出的燃料消耗结果,发现在变轨用时不太长的情况下两者差别很小,简单近似可以成立。

Fuel consumption during orbital transfering of space stations is studied, and Tiangong - 1 space station transfering from low orbit to high orbit is treated as a typical example. An approximate model of orbital transfering is built, ignoring the transfering required time, and fuel consumption of the process is analyzed by applying the Tsiolkovsky formula. When the transfering required time and cor- responding gravitational effect are counted, another model with more accuracy is constructed, and it can be calculated through numeri- cal iteration. Comparing with the results of these two models, it shows that there is no significantly difference between them if the transfering required time is not too long, which means the simple model is effective in this case.