大兴安岭不同冻土类型环境中小型土壤动物群落结构特征

Community Characteristics of Meso- and Microfauna of Different Types of Tundra Environment in Da Hinggan Mountain

对大兴安岭不同冻土带中小型土壤动物进行调查,共获土壤动物14561只,隶属于4门、8纲、19目。中小型土壤动物的水平分布调查表明,同一冻土带土壤动物的个体数量和类群数量差异性不显著(α<0.05)。同一冻土带中小型土壤动物的个体数量和类群数量分布一致,而且都是次生林最多,耕地最少。垂直分布调查表明,不同土层中小型土壤动物的个体数量和类群数量差异性显著(α<0.05)。土壤动物的个体数量和类群数量表聚性非常明显。中小型土壤动物的多样性调查表明,同一冻土带内,DG指数均是次生林最大,耕地最小;而Shannon-Wiener指数表现不明显。中小型土壤动物的个体数量和类群数量与有机质和全氮的灰色关联系数大,说明这两个因子对土壤动物个体数量和类群数量影响较大;中小型土壤动物的多样性指数与PH值和地温值的灰色关联系数大,说明这两个因子对土壤动物多样性影响较大。

An investigation of meso- and microfauna was conducted in different types of tundra in Da Hinggan Mountain. A total of 14561 individuals of meso- and microfauna, belonging to 4 phyla, 8 classes and 19 orders, were collected. The investigation of the horizontal distribution of meso- and microfauna indicated the difference of the individual number was not significant （a = 0.05） in the same tundra, and not significant in group number as well. The individual number of meso- and microfauna were consistent with group number in the same tundra, which was highest in secondary forest and lowest in cultivated land. The investigation of the vertical distribution of meso- and microfauna indicated that the difference of individual number was significant （ a = 0.05） in different soil layers, and significant in group number as well. The individuals and groups of meso- and microfauna showed an obvious surface assembly phenomenon. The investigation of meso- and microfauna diversity showed that DG index was highest in secondary forest and lowest in cultivated land, while the Shannon-Wiener index was not obvious in the same tundra. The grey relevant coefficients of the individuals and groups of meso- and microfanna were high with soil total N and soil organic matter, indicating that these two factors significantly affected variation of the individuals and groups of meso- and microfanna. However, the grey relevant coefficients of diversity of meso- and microfauna were high with soil pH value and soil temperature, indicating that these two factors significantly affected variation of meso- and microfauna diversity.