论《联合国原住民权利宣言》第31条的保护对象及其制度设想

On Protected Objects and Institutional Design of Article 31 of United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

《联合国原住民权利宣言》第31条对原住民传统资源知识产权保护作出了原则性规定,是迄今为止原住民传统资源知识产权保护方面重要的制度成果。在知识产权视野下,原住民传统资源可以类型化为原住民传统文学艺术表现形式、传统知识、传统设计、传统名号、遗传资源5种。现行知识产权制度只能为上述传统资源提供极为有限的知识产权保护。要较好地保护原住民传统资源知识产权,必须进行知识产权制度创新。对制度创新的立法思路,较好的选择是,参照著作权法,建构原住民传统文学艺术表现形式保护制度;参照专利法,建构传统知识和传统设计保护制度;参照商标法等商业标志法,建构传统名号保护制度;整合《生物多样性公约》等有关国际条约的相关规定,建构遗传资源知识产权保护制度。

Article 31 of United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples formulated the basic rules to protect the intellectual property for traditional resources of indigenous peoples. It is the most important institutional result in this field. In the view of intellectual property, traditional resources of indigenous peoples can be classified into traditional artistic expression of folklore, traditional knowledge, traditional designs, traditional names and symbols and genetic resources. The existing intellectual property law can only provide limited protection to traditional resources. To protect traditional resources, we must reform the existing intellectual property law, such as drawing up regulations to protect traditional artistic expression of folklore by imitating the copyright law, regulations to protect traditional knowledge and traditional designs by imitating the patent law, regulations to protect traditional names and symbols by imitating trademark law of trademark law, and regulations to protect genetic resources and intellectual property by integrating some relating international treaties such as Convention on Biological Diversity.