配方施肥对党参生产特性的影响

Effect of Formula Fertilization on the Production of Codonopsis pilosula

为了确定党参专用施肥配方及最佳施肥量，于2008-2009年在甘肃省漳县进行了8个N、P、K施肥配方及最优施肥配方下的施肥量试验，测定党参成药期根部形态特征和根产量，分析不同施肥量下党参的品质、养分利用效率和经济效益。结果表明，各配方处理对党参成药期的根直径和根长影响不显著，但配方N18P13K9＋NAM和N24P11K5＋NAM能有效提高党参产量，分别较常规施肥（CK2）增产17.9%和21.1%，N、P总利用率分别提高18.2%和11.6%，党参浸出物含量提高8.2%和2.7%；在750~900 kg/hm2施肥量区间，配方N24P11K5＋NAM的党参产值及纯收益最高。党参专用型N、P、K最优配方为N18P13K9＋NAM和N24P11K5＋NAM，且适宜施肥量为750～900 kg/hm2；适宜施肥量条件下可提高党参品质。

In order to determine the special fertilizer formula of Codonopsis pilosula and the optimum amount of fertilization, a field experiment about eight formulas of N,P,K and the optimum amount of fertilization for the best formula was conducted at Zhang county, Gansu in 2008 and 2009, root morphological character during medicine period as well as yield were determined, quality, nutrient utilization and economic benefits of Codonopsis pilosula were analyzed. The result showed that no significant different was found in root diameter and root length under all treatments of special fertilizer formulas, but Codonopsis pilosula production was effectively increased under the formulas of N18P13K9＋NAM and N24P11K5＋NAM , the output increased by 17.9% and 21.1%, the N and P total nutrient utilization improved by 18.2% and 11.6%, the extract content increased by 8.2% and 2.7%.The output value and net income were the highest with the application of 750-900 kg/hm2 for the formula of N24P11K5＋NAM.As a conclusion, the best fertilizer formula for Codonopsis pilosula was N18P13K9＋NAM or N24P11K5＋NAM, and the appropriate amount was 750-900 kg/hm2, which could improve the quality of Codonopsis pilosula.