近滨海缺水盐渍区冬小麦返青期灌水对土壤脱盐及产量的影响

Effect of irrigation of winter wheat during returning green on desalinization and yield in water deficient and saline region

近滨海缺水盐渍区冬小麦返青期灌水试验表明 ,当每公顷浇水量为 750 m3时 ,0 cm～ 2 0 cm耕层土壤 HCO- 3 ,Cl- ,SO2 - 4,Ca2 +,Mg2 +,Na++K+盐离子含量分别下降3.50 % ,50 .0 4 % ,67.76% ,41 .1 5% ,38.89%和 2 9.59% ,淋脱量大小顺序为 :SO2 - 4>Cl- >Ca2 +>Mg2 +>Na++K+>HCO- 3 ,耕层脱盐率 42 .1 7%。浇水处理 ,返青期灌水 1 0 d后单株分蘖数与干物重分别比对照增加 1 .2条 ,0 .0 9g;灌浆期绿叶面积增加 3.95cm2 ;成熟期株高、穗数、穗粒数和千粒重分别比对照增加 6.9cm,1 80 .0万 /hm2 ,3粒和 2 .2 3g,增产68.40 % ,其中分蘖数、穗数和产量与对照的差异达极显著水平 ,灌浆期单株绿叶面积达显著水平。

The trail of irrigation of winter wheat during returning green after winter in water deficient and saline region showed that the content of such salt ion as HCO - 3,Cl -,SO 2- 4,Ca 2+ ,Mg 2+ and Na ++K + decreased 3.50%,50.04%,67.76%,41.15%, 38.89% and 29.59% respectively in 0 cm^20 cm topsoil when irrigation capacity was 750 m 3/hm 2,the order of desalinization of anions and cations was SO 2- 4>Cl ->Ca 2+ >Mg 2+ >Na ++K +>HCO - 3 and desalinization ratio of the topsoil was 42.17%. By contrast to the treatment of non irrigation, the number of tillering and dry matter increased 1.2 and 0.09 gram respectively per plant ten days after irrigation at returning green period, and the area of green leaves was 3.95 cm 2 more at the grouting period, and the height of plant, quantity of spikes, number of grain per spike and weight of thousand grains were 6.9 cm, 1.8 million, 3 and 2.23 gram more at the ripening stage. As a result, the yield increased 68.40%. The difference of tillering number, spike number and yield compared with the control reached very significant level, and that of green leaves area per plant during grouting period reached significant level.