《荀子》引《书》辨析

Research on the Quotations from the Book of History in Xunzi

近现代以来的《尚书》研究者在分析《荀子》引《书》时存在不同的看法。荀子引《书》共22次,引用方式主要有两种:一是直接引用《书》中文句,共17次,其中重复引用者两次;二是化用《书》中文句,共5次。《荀子》引《书》涉及《书》篇范围广,集中引用《周书》内容,引议结合,往往断章取义。辨析荀子引《书》问题有助于我们探究《书》学在先秦的流传、荀子与《书》学的传授关系以及先秦引用学等一系列问题。

Researchers on Shang Shu since modem times have different opinions on the quotations from the Book of History. We find that Xunzi has quoted the Book of History for twenty-two times. There are two ways of quoting. One is to directly quote the sentences in the Book of History and there are seventeen such quotations. The other way is to modify the original sentences and then quote them and there are five such quotations. The contents of quotations cover a wide range and Zhou Shu is quoted regularly. Otherwise, Xunzi strikes a proper balance between the quotations and comments, and tends to use the quotations out of context. So researches on the quotations from the Book of History in Xuzi are conductive to the exploration of the spreading of the Book of History in the Pre-Qin period. And we can also delve into the connections between Xunzi and the impacts of the Book of History and a series of questions such as quotation study in the Pre-Qin period.