传承、超越——卞之琳“信、似、译”翻译三原则面面观

Inheritance and Transcendence——Perspectives of Bian Zhilin's Three Translation Principles of “Faithfulness,Resemblance,Translation”

卞之琳"信、似、译"三原则是对翻译原则中的"信、达、雅","形似与神似","直译与意译"的传承和超越。卞之琳的"信"继承了严复"信"对原作对译作诚信的要求,但所指范围比后者广,尊重原作的程度比后者高;卞之琳的"似"继承了"形似与神似"对维系译文与原文的适当关联性的强调,但破除了"形似"与"神似"之间的无谓争论,为译者创造性的发挥提供了更好的理论支持,同时对译者创造性的发挥在范围上作了限定;卞之琳的"译"继承了"直译"和"意译"对翻译与创作关系的定位,但破除了"直译"、"意译"理论的二元对立,为译者的实践操作提供了更多的选择。

While Bian Zhilin＇s three translation principles of ＂faithfulness, similarity, translation＂ inherit something from Yan Fu＇s three translation principles of ＂faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance＂, the translation theories of ＂formal resemblance and spiritual resemblance＂, the translation methods of ＂literal translation and free translation＂, they transcend the three. Bian＇s faithfulness agrees with Yan＇s faithfulness on the loyalty of the target text to the original text. However, compared with the latter it shows more respect to the original text and covers more aspects. Bian＇s resemblance sympathizes with ＂formal resemblance and spiritual resemblance＂ on the appropriate relationship between the original text and the target text but objects to the undesirable dispute between the formal resemblance and spiritual resemblance. Compared with the latter two, Bian＇s resemblance which offers translators more theoretical support demarcates the range for the implementation of translator＇s creativity. Bian＇s translation while sympathizing with ＂literal translation and free translation＂ on the relationship between translating and writing, opposes the dispute between ＂literal translation and free translation＂, hence provides translators more choices in their translating practice.