儿童及青少年2型糖尿病的诊断和治疗

Diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents

儿童及青少年糖尿病一直是威胁儿童及青少年健康成长的重要危险因素,目前儿童及青少年糖尿病中2型糖尿病占很大一部分.对儿童及青少年2型糖尿病的诊断主要是与1型糖尿病的鉴别.儿童及青少年2型糖尿病多伴有肥胖、多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）、黑棘皮病等,可以通过临床症状、空腹血糖、口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）、胰岛素自身抗体和C肽水平来诊断儿童及青少年2型糖尿病.儿童及青少年2型糖尿病与1型糖尿病相比,更早、更易出现糖尿病微血管并发症.目前的治疗方案主要有糖尿病健康教育、饮食控制、运动疗法、口服药物和胰岛素治疗.

Diabetes has been an important risk factor which threats the health of children and adolescents.Type 2 diabetes accounted for a large part in the amount of children and adolescents with diabetes.Diag-nosis of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents is mainly to identify from type 1 diabetes mellitus.Many children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes usually have problem with obesity,polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） or acanthosis nigricans,etc.The diagnosis of children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes can through the clinical symptoms,fasting glucose,oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT）,insulin autoantibodies and C-peptide levels.Compared with type 1 diabetes,children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes develop micro-vascular complications more easily and earlier.The treatment of children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes includes diabetic health education,diet control,exercise,oral drugs and insulin.