1Horasanli K, Miroglu C, Tanriverdi 0, et al.Single stage Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy: a preferred alternative in the treatment of nonpalpable testes[J].PediatrSurg Int, 2006, 22(9): 759-761.
2[1]Koo HP, Bloom DA.Laparoscopy for the nonpalpable testis[J]. Seminars in Laparoscopic Surgery. 1998;5:40-42.
3[2]Castilho LN.Laparoscopy For the nonpalpable testis:how to interpret the endoscopic findings[J]. J Urol. 1990;144:1215-1218
4[4]Moore RG,Peters CA,Bauer SB,et al. Laparoscopic evaluation of the nonpalpable testes:a prospective assessment of accuracy[J]. J Urol.1994;151:728.
5[6]Ferro F,Lais A, Gonzalez-serva,et al.Benefits and afterthoughts of laparoscopy for the nonpalpable testes[J].J Urol.1996;151:795.
6[7]Bruce W,Isael F,Shawn B,et al. Laparoscopic Fowler-Stephen orchiopexy for the high abdominal testis[J].J Urol. 1999; 162:990-994.
7龚以榜，小儿泌尿外科学，1996年，220页
8Kaya Horasanli,Cengiz Miroglu,Orhan Tanriverdi,Muammer Kendirci,Ugur Boylu,Eyup Gumus.Single stage Fowler–Stephens orchidopexy: a preferred alternative in the treatment of nonpalpable testes[J]. Pediatric Surgery International . 2006 (9)
9Hvistendahl GM,Poulsen EU.Laparoscopy for the impalpable testes:experience with80intra～abdominal testes. J Pediatr Urol . 2009
10Richardson WS,Stefanidis D,Chang L,et al.The role of diagnostic laparoscopy for chronic abdominal conditions:an evidence～based review. Surgical Endoscopy . 2009
