南宋《中兴礼书》的雅乐乐谱与译谱

The Scores of Gagaku Music in the ZTE Ritual Book of Southern Song Dynasty and Their Interpretation

《中兴礼书》是南宋淳熙年间太常寺编修的礼制文献,其中收录了428篇雅乐歌曲和器乐演奏曲谱,是迄今发现最早、规模最大、用律吕谱记载雅乐的古籍。《中兴礼书》雅乐乐谱翻译需要解决的问题主要有宫调、节奏、旋律、速度、配器等六个方面。雅乐谱翻译所面临的难题并不在于文献依据不足,而在于受现代音乐观念的实证主义影响较深,以静态化的音乐作品观看待动态化的中国古代音乐作品群的观念已经根深蒂固。如持此成见不变,任何译谱成果都将受到质疑或诟病。以古代音乐观念看待古代音乐是今人翻译包括《中兴礼书》雅乐乐谱在内的古谱所应有的态度。

The ZTE Ritual Book, a compendium of ritual texts compiled by the Taichang Chamber during the Chunxi period of Southern Song Dynasty and including the scores of 428 Gagaku songs and instrumental music, is the earliest and biggest collection recorded in Lvlv spectrum to date. The problems in interpreting the scores of Gagaku music, which lie mainly in areas such as tone, rhythm, melody, tempo and orchestration, are due not so much to insufficient documentary evidence as to the positivist bias of modern ideas of music, ideas that have dogmatically measured the dynamic ancient Chinese music works against the standards of static works. If such a bias is allowed to persist, all interpretative efforts will be subject to suspicion and criticism. Instead, to look at ancient music from the perspective of ancient musical ideas ought to be the right attitude to take when we interpret ancient scores like Gagaku music of the ZTE ritual book.