基于生态恢复目标的额济纳绿洲需水研究

Study on ecological water requirements of Ejina Oasis based on ecological restoration

以适宜的生态建设规模为目标,利用1987年和2009年2期遥感影像资料辅以野外调查,采用阿维里扬诺夫估算方法和绿洲湖泊需水计算方法,估算了现状年和生态恢复目标年额济纳绿洲植被和湖泊生态需水.结果表明：2009年额济纳绿洲最低生态需水量为5.796 4×108 m3,其中绿洲植被需水4.8564×108m3,绿洲湖泊需水0.94×108m8;1987年额济纳绿洲最低生态需水量为6.786 8×10^8 m3,其中绿洲植被需水6.226 8×108 m3,绿洲湖泊白需水0.56×108m3.在现状流域水量分配模式下,平水年和枯水年都存在1～3亿m3缺水量,若要实现绿洲恢复到20世纪80年代的水平,必须保证来水率不低于10％.建议调整目前主要将水送到东居延海的模式,应从绿洲需水要求出发合理分配水量,以保证生态恢复目标的实现.

Around the proper objective and scale of the ecological environment, based on the remote sensing data in 1987,2009 and field investigation, by the method of Aweliyongrufe, the paper calculated the ecological water demand of Ejina Oasis. The results indicated that the minimum ecological water demand was 5. 796 4×10^8 m^3 in 2009. That of vegetation was 4. 856 4×10^8 m^3 the ecological water demand of lake was 0. 94×10^8 m^3. While the minimum ecological water demand reached 6. 786 8×10^8 m^3 in 1987. The ecological water demand of vegetation was 6. 226 8×10^8 m^3 , that of lake was 0. 56 ×10^8 m^3. According to cur rent water allocation of Heihe basin,it had different degrees deficit on ecological water in dry years and av erage years. It is suggested that department of watershed management should adjust water resources alloca tion model of water diversion to East Juyan [rake and distribute water according to water requirement structure of Ejina Oasis to achieve the goal of ecological restoration. The study is of important significance and applicable for reference in scientifically working out the project of regenerating ecology and rationally redistributing water resources in arid areas.