加工水平与工作记忆容量对二语语块习得的影响——对“加工资源分配模型(TOPRA)”的考察

The Effects of Processing Levels and the Working Memory Capacity on Second Language Chunk Acquisition

本研究采用3×3被试间两因素实验设计,考察了加工水平与工作记忆容量对二语语块习得的影响。受试接受三种不同的加工条件学习24个目标语块:(a)要求进行语义加工;(b)要求进行形式加工;(c)不作加工要求(控制组)。随后参加了语块形式的自由回忆和语块语义的自由回忆两种测验。结果发现:(1)语义加工(深加工)对语块语义习得具有促进作用,并由于占用了对语块形式进行加工的资源,对语块形式习得产生抑制作用;(2)工作记忆容量的个体差异对语块习得起作用,影响着语块语义、形式的有意习得;(3)语块的语义加工和形式加工之间基本上存在着"竞争效应",并受到工作记忆容量个体差异的影响。

The study employed a 3×3 between-group factorial design to examine the effects of processing levels and the working memory capacity on second language （ L2 ） chunk acquisition. Participants attempted to learn 24 new English chunks in three conditions： （ a ） semantic elaboration; （ b ） formal elaboration; and （ c ） no elaboration （just do your best ） . Posttest measures were free recall of the target chunks in Chinese and free recall of the chunks in English. Results indicated 1 ） semantic elaboration （ deep processing ） facilitated chunk semantic learning, but inhibited chunk form leaning; 2 ） the working memory capacity had a significant effect on L2 chunk acquisition; 3 ） the trade-off effect, a competition for processing resource was found among chunk semantic processing and chunk formal processing, which was affected by the working memory capacity.