温州市龙湾区流动儿童国家免疫规划疫苗接种状况

Vaccination status for national immunization program among migrant children in Longwan District of Wenzhou City

[目的]了解温州市龙湾区流动儿童国家免疫规划（ national immunization program ，NIP）疫苗免疫接种状况，探讨影响流动儿童接种率的因素。[方法]采用PPS抽样方法，抽取30个行政村（居委会），对2009-2011年出生的366名流动儿童，入户调查NIP疫苗免疫接种状况。[结果]流动儿童建预防接种卡率为92．90％，建预防接种证率为99．73％，1剂卡介苗（ BCG）、3剂口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗（ OPV）、3剂白喉-破伤风-百日咳联合疫苗（DTP）、1剂含麻疹成分疫苗（MCV）、3剂乙型肝炎疫苗（HepB）（以上简称五苗）、1剂流行性乙型脑炎疫苗（JEV）、2剂脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗（MPV）和甲型肝炎疫苗（HepA）基础免疫（初种）接种率，分别为98．09％、95．08％、92．90％、91．53％、95．36％、65．30％、74．74％和61．34％，HepB首针及时接种率为88．52％，BCG疤痕率为96．58％，五苗全程接种率为81．97％；MCV复种接种率为78．87％，DTP、JEV加强免疫接种率分别为68．04％、57．95％。不合格接种发生率为1．91％～42．05％，HepA最高，BCG最低。[结论] BCG、OPV、DTP、MCV、HepB基础免疫（初种）接种率均＞90％，其加强免疫（复种）和JEV、MPV、HepA接种率较低，是目前流动儿童管理的薄弱环节。超期接种、未接种或未全程接种是不合格接种的主要原因。

[Objective]To investigate the status on vaccination for National Immunization Program （ NIP） among migrant children in Longwan District of Wenzhou City , and to explore the factors that influ-enced the vaccination rate in migrant children . [ Methods] By using PPS sampling method , a series of 366 migrant children who were born from January 1, 2009 to December 31,2011 were investigated for NIP vaccine immunization status by household visit in 30 towns. [ Results] The percentage of migrant chil-dren with vaccination card and vaccination certificate were 92 .90%and 99 .73%respectively .Vaccination coverage rates were Bacillus Calmette Guerin （BCG）（98.09%）, 1 Oral Poliomyelitis Attenualed Live Vac-cine （ OPV ） （ 95 .08%） , 3 Diphtheria , Tetanus and Pertussis Combined Vaccine （ DTP ） （ 92 .90%） , 1 Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine （MV）（91.53%）, 3 Hepatitis B Vaccine （HepB）（95.36%）, 1 Japa-nese Encephalitis Vaccine （ JEV ） （ 65.30%）, and 2 Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine （ MPV ） （74.74%）, Hepatitis A Vaccine（HepA）（61.34%）.In addition, the coverage of HepB first doze timely vaccination was 88.52%,the scar rate of BCG was 96.58%.Five vaccines vaccination rate was 81.97%. The boosting vaccination rates of MCV ,DTP,and JEV were 78.87%,68.04%,and 57.95% respectively. The incidence of unqualified vaccination were 1.91%-42.05%, the highest being that of HepA and the lowest BCG . [ Conclusion] Basic immunization rates of BCG , OPV, DTP, MCB and HepB were higher than 90%, but their revaccinations and the vaccination rates of JEV , MPV and HepA were low , which was the weak link in management of migrant children .The main reasons for unqualified vaccination were extended vaccination , unvaccination or not full vaccination .