西方文艺批评领域“戏仿”概念的界定

Definitions of “Parody” in the field of Western Literary Criticism

在西方文艺批评领域,"戏仿"是一个极具学术内涵的历史性概念和理论术语。戏仿在西方有着漫长的创作历史,同时戏仿的内涵在历史的时空中还不断地发生迁延流变。这些都给戏仿概念的界定造成了极大的困难和混乱。历代西方学者对戏仿概念的界定大多集中在四个关键问题上:戏仿文本与源文本之间的关系、戏仿的喜剧性特征、戏仿作者对源文本的态度以及被戏仿对象的范围。对这四个关键问题的历史梳理,是我们在当代语境下重新界定戏仿概念的基础。作为一种独特的文艺创作手法和文化实践形式,戏仿通过对前文本的带反讽滑稽意味的模仿和转换以实现对该文本的形式和主题的致敬、玩味或批评等复杂的意图。

In the western literary criticism field, ＂parody＂ is a historical concept and term of great academic meaning. Parody has a long history of practice in the West, and its connotation has been changed constantly in the history. These have both brought great difficulties and confusion for the definition of parody. With regard to definitions of parody, western scholars in the past mostly focused on four key issues： the relationship between parody and source text, comic character of parody, parodist＇s attitude to source text and the scope of the target being parodied. An review of the four key issues lays the foundation for redefining parody in the contemporary context. By means of the unique literary tech- nique and cuhural practice by imitating and transposing preceding text with ironical and joking intention, parodist attempt to achieve various complex intentions of saluting, relishing or criticizing the form and theme of source text.