《经学队仗》与明初科举及八股文的发展

Study of Confucian Classics and the Development of Imperial Examination and Eight-episode Essay in the Ming Dynasty

《经学队仗》是明永乐二年朱景元为适应科举经义、论、策对仗作法列举资料需求而做的类书。此书中国未见保存,韩国中央图书馆所藏朝鲜世宗时代刊本题朱景元撰的《类说经学队仗》保留了明刻本原貌。《经学队仗》的编纂及类例的设置迎合了明初科举尊崇程、朱理学道德性命内圣外王的治世之道,选拔知人善察的治世之人,并要求其善于驾驭天下治世之术的科试要求。每类形式又与科举考试经义、论、策等讲究队仗文体相合,都是自成一体的单篇论述文章。《经学队仗》与明代八股文的形成密切相关,展现了从明初的仿宋元经义到成化间八股文成熟之间的永乐年间阶段性的特点。

Study of Confucian Classics was composed by Zhu Yuan-jing in the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, so as to give directions to those who would participate in the imperial examinations. However, this book cannot be found in China, and the book named Explanation of Study of Confucian Classics preserved in the Central Library of South Korea reveals the original outlook of this book. The compilation of and examples in Study of Confucian Classics met with the demands of the national examination in the early Ming Dynasty, such as the worship of neo-Confucianism, the selection of talented personnel and the techniques of governing the nation. Every part of the book is compatible with different demands of the national examination. Therefore, this book is strongly connected with the eight-episode essay and reveals the characteristics of the times.