方相氏逐疫与自然时序转换的关系

Fangxiangshi Dislodging Loimia and its Relationship With the Nature Order Conversion

方相氏作为傩仪之神,同时担当丧葬仪式中的开路之神,连接两种仪式的关键点是其共同的逐疫功能。方相氏及其所带领的队伍进行驱傩仪式,其本质是为了驱逐疫鬼,即所谓的"殴疫"。三时傩都与自然界的时序变迁所导致的阴阳暂时失序有关,需要方相氏顺应其变化加以调和,所驱除的疫鬼正是自然阴阳失序造成的祟害的象征物。通过殴疫的本质功能,古人将傩仪与丧葬仪式联系了起来,从自然时序转换到了阴阳过渡转换,方相氏在傩仪和丧葬仪式中扮演了同样重要的调和阴阳时序的角色。

Fangxiangshi is not only the god of Nuo ritual but the god of trailbreaker in the funeral and burial ritual,owing to its function of dislodging loimia. The Nuo ritual, which is led by Fangxiangshi and his parade,is meant to drive off loimia ghosts, the so-called ＂ouyi＂. Nuo rituals in three different seasons relate with the temporary disorder of yin and yang when the natural order converts, and the loimia ghosts are just the symbolization of the damage and disease caused by natural disorder. Taking advantage of its symbolized function of dislodging loimia, the ancient Chinese introduced the Nuo ritual to the funeral and burial ritual,and Fangxiangshi thus begun to put on the function of yin and yang conversion.