我国出生性别比失衡问题治理绩效的历史评价

Historical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Birth Imbalance Governance in China

文章主要根据18个全国关爱女孩试点县提交的关爱女孩行动工作状况的通讯调查所提供的基础信息,对近年来全国关爱女孩行动试点工作作了一个阶段性的分析和评价。提出了生育观念和行为控制的"2+6"理论框架,建议通过人口安全的工作考核机制、性别偏好的观念转变机制、"两非"行为控制机制、女婴被送养、瞒漏报和死亡控制机制四大机制实施对出生人口性别比偏高问题综合控制和治理。认为全国要尽快从"点控制"转入"面控制",在保持"适度低生育水平"的前提下,进一步完善生育政策;赋权卫生等部门治理B超和引、流产问题的重要职责,规范医疗卫生执业行为;加强社会公共政策的协调性,从制度上促进社会性别平等。

Based on the basic information provided by the survey of the implementation of the ＂Care For Girls＂ program submitted by 18 experimental counties, this paper makes a progress analysis and evaluation of the accomplishment of this program. It also proposes a ＂2＋6＂theoretical framework concerning fertility concept and behavior control, and puts forward four mechanism to control the high gender disparity among newborns, including population security performance appraisal mechanism, gender preference concept change mechanism, ＂illegal gender test＂ and ＂illegal abortion＂ control mechanism, baby girl adoption, fail- ure to report, and death control mechanism. It is held in this paper that the country ought to transfer from ＂point control＂ to ＂area control＂ ,and improve the family control policy on the premise of maintaining an appropriate low fertility level;And that the health administration departments ought to fulfill their obliga- tions in control gender test through B ultrasonic test and abortion, and regulate medical practice; And that social public policies ought to coordinate to promote gender equality through institutional construction.