火灾烟气危害评价HTV模型的应用与验证

Application and Verification of HTV Model for Fire Smoke Hazard Evaluation

为准确评价实际火灾烟气危害，针对N-GAS和有效暴露剂量（FED）模型的不足，提出一种综合考虑热辐射、能见度、烟气毒性（HTv）的火灾烟气危害评价模型。采用数值模拟与1／4比例仿真模型相结合的方法，并以江苏地区复式住宅为实例。通过观察试验现象，测量烟气到达各个界面的时间、CO浓度等，验证HTV模型的合理性。结果表明，烟气在30S时蔓延至隔层，在680S时充满整个房间，热辐射在200S时对2号和3号门的人员造成伤害，CO毒性在整个火灾过程中不具备致命性，1，2，3号门的能见度分别在170，210，40S时急速下降，通过HTV模型可看出，火灾前期能见度是影响人员疏散的重要因素，后期热辐射和毒性权重上升；人员最佳疏散时间为90—320S。

Bearing shortcomings in N-GAS model and FED model in mind, to accurately evaluate the damage to occupants from smoke of indoor fire, a HTV model was built, taking heat radiation, visibility, and fire smoke toxicity into account. A type of two-storey house in Jiangsu was taken as an example and an 1/4 scale physical model of it was made for experimental study. The damage from the fire smoke was simu- lated numerical by the HTV model and studied experimentally using the physical model under the condi- tion： stable power of the fire source was 1.5 MW, and the size of the source was 0.1 m x 0.1 m. The re- sults show that in the early stage of the fire, visibility was the important factor affecting evacuation, that the contribution of thermal radiation and toxicity of the smoke to the damage later increased, and that the best personnel evacuation time is 90 -320 s.