新中国建立初期中共重构四川乡村权力结构的努力与成效

Chinese Communist Party's Rural Power Reconstruction in Sichuan Province in Initial Founding Stage of New China: Practice and Effect

建国初期,中共对重构乡村权力结构提出了自己的理论及政策,要求有领导、有秩序、有步骤地彻底消灭农村中的封建势力,依照政府政策法令和法律制度去根本改造旧的乡村权力结构、废除保甲制度、取缔反动会道门,建立以贫雇农为骨干的新型乡村权力结构。四川乡村权力重构经历了从暂时利用原乡保人员维持原状到采取措施废除保甲制度、建立农民协会并发挥基层政权作用、从试点到普遍建立乡政权、健全乡政权工作制度以加强乡政权战斗力的几个阶段,由此乡村权力结构发生了根本的变化,原由保甲长、乡绅、袍哥、宗族势力等构成的乡村权力结构解体,以贫雇农为骨干的乡村民主政权得以建立起来,进而实现了对乡村权力结构的根本改造和重新建构。

During the early years of the people＇ s republic of China foundation, the CCP put forward its own theory and policy about the reconstruction of rural power structures. The party was demanded to completely destroy the feudal forces in the countryside step by step and in a systematic way under leader-ship. The old rural power structures should be fundamentally transformed, and the bao-jia system should be abolished, and the reactionary superstitious sects and secret societies should be banned in terms of the policy and law of new government and the legal system, so that the new type of rural power structures could be established with the core forces being composed of poor peasants and farm labourers. The recon- structions of the rural power structures in Sichuan province experienced several processes. Firstly, the old bao-jia system was maintained in early days by temporarily taking advantage of the members of old bao-jia in the countryside, and then was abolished with effective methods. Secondly, the farmers＇ associations were established and played the role of grass-roots political power. Thirdly, the village governments had fundamentally changed from the pratice in partial district to generally establishments, and their working system had been improved. At last, the village governments＇ combat had been effectively strengthened. The old rural power structures were disintegrated, which were composed of the Kuomintang members, local forces, the heads of bao-jia, countryside gentlemen, Pao Ge and patriarchal clans and so on. At the same time, the democratic village governments being domainently composed of poor peasants and farm labourers were founded. The CCP successfully accomplished the old rural power transformation and the new reconstruction.