东北农牧交错带土地利用/覆被变化及驱动因素分析——以吉林省通榆县为例

Analysis of land use/cover change and its drivers in the farming-pastoral ecotone of Northeastern China——A case study of Tongyu County, Jilin Province

基于RS和GIS技术,选取吉林省通榆县为研究区,以1986年、2000年、2008年3期遥感影像为基础数据源,分析东北农牧交错带土地利用/覆被变化的时空特征,并结合气象、社会经济等统计数据分析了研究区土地利用/覆被变化的自然、人文驱动因素。结果表明:(1)耕地和草地的面积和始终占总面积的50%以上,城市、工矿、居民用地面积变化波动仅为0.22%,城市化进程缓慢;(2)耕地主要由草地和未利用地转化而来,其中草地的贡献率分别为22.88%和12.00%;减少的草地主要转移为耕地,转移率高达31.84%和42.75%;(3)2000—2008年间研究区综合土地利用动态度达到2.55%,土地利用程度大大提高;(4)气候暖干化构成了研究区近20多年来土地利用/覆被变化的环境背景,而人口压力、经济发展和国家政策等人为因素则是影响和控制土地利用变化方向的主导驱动力。

Based on RS and GIS techniques, taking Tongyu County as the study area, the temporal and spatial characteristics in farming-pastoral ecotone of Northeastern China were analyzed based on basic data of 1986, 2000, 2008, and drivers of land use/cover change were analyzed based on the statistical analysis of meteorological and community economy. The results show that： （1）The total area of cultivated land and grassland always accounted for more than 50% of the total area of Tongyu County. Urban, industrial and residential area fluctuation was only 0.22%, and the process of urbanization was slow; （2） Cultivated land was mainly transformed from grassland and unused land, and the contribution rates of the grassland were respectively 22.88% and 12.00%. Reduced grassland transferred to arable land mostly, the rates were up to 31.84% and 42.75%; （3）During the period of 2000-2008, the comprehensive land use dynamic degree of research area reached 2.55% and land use degree greatly increased; （4）Climate warming and drying has constituted the environmental background of land use/cover change in study area in recent 20 years. The pressure of population, economic development and government polices affected and controlled the trends of land use changes and acted as the leading driving forces in the study area.