论我国国际私法中的经常居所

The Habitual Residence of Chinese Private International Law

经常居所是一个有价值且适用日趋广泛的连结点,《涉外民事关系法律适用法》引入并把它作为首要连结点,最新司法解释对其作了相应的规定。但是,不论立法、司法解释还是该连结点本身都存在不足。完善国际私法中的经常居所制度:首先,进一步思考经常居所的概念界定及其构成。经常居所与住所非同一概念。经常居所的构成要素应包括居住期间、居住意图及法律目的,而且,居住时间的长短应由法官自由裁量,无需规定具体的时限标准。其次,重视对未成年人的保护,确定儿童的经常居所应弱化其居住意图。再次,协调并弥合经常居所的法律冲突,具体规定冲突之解决方法。第四,结合我国特点,参考他国立法,在亲子关系和婚姻领域可以以经常居所为主要连结点,但对于自然人的能力、人格权等事项应以国籍作为主要连结点。

Habitual residence is a connecting point with value and increasingly wide application. The Law of the Application of Law for Foreign-Related Civil Relations introduces it as the primary point of contact, the latest judicial interpretation makes corresponding provisions about it. Nevertheless, this legislation, judicial interpretation as well as the point of contact itself, has some obvious deficiencies. For the sake of perfecting the habitual residence system in the private international law we should： firstly, further think about the difinition and components of habitual residence. Habitual residence and domicile are not of the same conception. Habitual residence shall be composed of such factors as resident period, resident intent and legal purpose, and that how long resident by judge＇s discretion, don＇t need to set specific time standards. Secondly, pay more attention to the protection of juveniles and weaken the resident intent in determining children＇s habitual residence. Thirdly, coordinate and bridge the conflicts of law of habitual residence, specify the conflict solution. Fourthly, in view of our country＇ s characteristics and with references to foreign legislation, habitual residence may be served as the major connecting factor in the realm of parentage and marriage, while for the issues such as natural person＇ s capacity and personality rights the nationality shall come into play as the major connecting factor.