论杨度君主制主张的两条逻辑进路——基于《金铁主义说》和《君宪救国论》的分析

Yang Du' s Two Logical Approaches to Monarchy Claim:an Analysis Based on Gold-Iron Theory and on Saving China via Constitutional Monarchy

在中国实行君主制是杨度立宪思想的题中应有之义。在论证君主制之于近代中国的契合性时,杨度先后提出了两条不同的逻辑进路,二者区别可见于其代表性专论《金铁主义说》和《君宪救国论》。前者主张保留君主,将满清皇室作为维系政治统一的象征以避免五族分立;而后者要求恢复帝制,借洪宪帝制确立不可挑战的权威以消弭军事纷争。由于清末和民初两个时期中国内外时局的变化以及杨度自身政治立场的改变,杨度在《君宪救国论》中采用了明显不同于《金铁主义说》的逻辑进路。

Taking monarchy is something inherent in Yang Du ＇s Idea of Constitntionalism. Demonstrating that consistency monarchy adapted to contemporary China, Yang Du successively put forward two different logical approaches to the conclusion, which are respectively reflected in his representative works Gold- Iron Theory and On Saving China via Constitutional Monarchy. The former work holds that the monarch should be kept because Tsing royal household symbolized the political unity; the latter one insists that the emperor system should be restored because a unchallenged authority could eliminate Military conflicts. Because of the changes of domestic and international situations as well as his own political stand in two periods, late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, Yang Du adopted a new logical approach in On Saving China via Constitutional Monarchy.