1Marshall, Alfred, The Principles of Economics [ M ]. London : Macmillan and Co. , Ltd, 1890.
2Krugman, P. , Geography and Trade [ M ]. Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press, 1991.
3Kim, S. , Expansion of Markets and the Geographic Distribution of Economic Activities : The Trends in U. S. Regional Manufacturing Structure,1860 - 1987[ J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics 110(4) : 881 -908,1995.
4Rosenthal,S. S. ,and Strange,W. C. ,Evidence on the Nature and Sources of Agglomeration Economics [ M]. in the Handbook of Urban and Regional Economics, Volume 4,2004.
5Ciccone,A. , and Hall, R. E. , Productivity and the Density of Economic Activity [ J ]. American Economic Review, 86 ( 1 ), 54 - 70, 1996.
6Ciccone, A. , Agglomeration Effects in Europe [ J ]. European Economic Review,46 (2) ,213 - 227,2002.
10Rice, P. , Venables, A. J. , and Patacchini, E. , Spatial Determinants of Productivity : Analysis for the Regions of Great Britain [ J ]. Re- gional Science and Urban Economics ,36 (6) ,727 752,2006.
8Abdel-Rahman,H.M:Agglomeration Economics,Types and Sizes of Cities[J],Journal of Urban Economics,1990,27,25-45.
9Arrow,K.J:The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing[J],Review of Economic Studies,1962,29,155-173.
10Brouwer,E.,H.Budil-Nadvornikova and A.Kleinknecht:Are Urban Agglomerations a Better Breeding Place for Product Innovation ? An Analysis of New Product Announcements[J],Regional Studies,1999,33,541-549.
