“何况”的主观性表达功能——兼析与“况且”的区别

The Subjectivity Expression Function of “Hekuang”

本文从语言的主观性和语用量级的角度考察现代汉语连词"何况"的两个义项。"何况1"所在句是典型的反逼句式,是表达说话人"解-反预期"主观认识的词汇标记。"何况2"具有"况且"义,在语义上与其等值,但语用功能并不相同,"何况2"后只能引出说话人主观认为非次要的理由,"况且"后并没有明显倾向性,主要理由和次要理由皆可。"何况1"与"何况2"可统一为一个"何况",标示说话者主观认为处于某个可能性语用量级高端的事物。

This paper studies the two meanings of modem Chinese conjunction word hek-uang from the angle of subjectivity and pragmatic scale. hekuanglsentence is the typi- cal anti-force sentence,it＇s a de-counter-expectation lexical marker in modern Chinese. hekuang： equals kuangqie on semanteme however differs in pragmatic function. hekuang2 can only conjunct with the reason of which the speaker thinks is non mi nor. However, kuangqie can conjunct with both primary and minor reason. hek- uang and hekuang： can be unified as one hekuang which mainly express the object that is on the higher part of a certain pragmatic scale.