不同喷钙措施对‘库尔勒香梨’顶腐病发生的影响

Effects of spraying different calcium fertilizers on the incidence of blossom-end rot of ‘Korla Fragrant’ pear

采用田间对比试验,研究幼果期和膨大期喷施4种钙肥对‘库尔勒香梨’果实品质、矿质元素含量及采后顶腐病发生率的影响。结果表明:喷施4种钙肥均不同程度地增加了香梨的单果质量,以膨大期喷施的效果最好;喷钙可提高果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量,降低可滴定酸含量,其中以喷施氨基酸钙降酸效果尤为明显;喷钙有减小果形指数的趋势,但效果不明显。幼果期和膨大期喷施4种钙肥均不同程度提高了香梨果实中钙含量,其中以幼果期喷施果蔬钙和康朴液钙的效果最为显著;喷钙降低了果实中钾和磷含量,对镁和硼含量影响较小。喷钙在一定程度上降低香梨贮藏期间顶腐病发生率,其中以膨大期喷施康朴液钙的抑病效果较好。

A field research was conducted to study the effects of spraying four calcium fertilizers on the quality, the content of mineral elements and the post-harvest incidence of blossom-end rot at young fruit stage and expanding stage of＇ Korla Fragrant＇ pear. The results showed that spraying calcium fertilizers both at young fruit stage and expanding stage increased the single fruit weight, especially at the expanding stage. Calcium applications also increased the soluble solid and soluble sugar content but decreased the content of titratable acidity, and the amino calcium （AAC） application led to a significant decrease at the titratable acid content. Spraying calcium fertilizers had an effect of reducing the fruit shape index, but no significance. Spraying four calcium fertilizers resulted in a significant increase of the fruit calcium content ,among which the effects of the Fruit calcium（ FC ）and Compo calcium （CPC） were the best. Besides, calcium sprays decreased the contents of potassium and phosphorus, whereas they hardly had any influence on the contents of magnesium and boron. Spraying calcium fertilizers reduced the incidence of post-harvest blossom-end rot of ＇ Korla Fragrant＇ pear in some degree, especially spraying the Compo calcium fertilizer at the expanding stage.