联合收获免耕直播机开沟分土装置抛土性能研究

Soil dispersing performance research of ditcher and reflector of machine with combinative harvesting and no-till planting

针对我国稻麦轮作区在作物收获后均可进行免耕播种的作业要求，在原设计的稻麦联合收获开沟埋草多功能一体机的基础上，对开沟装置结构参数、运动参数及分土导流装置结构进行优化，利用开沟抛起的土块对免耕直播的种子进行覆盖。田间试验表明：优化改进后的开沟分土装置作业效果良好，作业后土垡边长不大于4cm、碎土率达90％，抛土均匀性不小于85％，单侧平均抛土幅宽1．1～1．2m，抛土集中区平均覆土厚度2．3cm，不仅达到开沟机械作业的质量标准要求，还能满足当地农艺上的覆土盖种要求。

According to the seed covering requirements of no-tillage cultivatiola pattern on combine harvested cropland in rice-wheat rotation area, the harvest ditch and stalk-disposing machine was improved by optimizing the structure and motion parameters of the ditcher and selecting the soil reflector. Field tests showed that, the length of soil particles was not bigger than 4 cm, crushing rate reached 90% ,the rate of soil distribution uniformity was not less than 85%, and average thickness and width of dispersed soil particles in the concentration area were 2.3 cm and 1.1 - 1.2 m respectively, which not only met the standard for field operation quality of ditchers, but also met the agricultural requirements of seed covering operation by dispersed soil.