制鞋工人职业应激与工作疲竭感的关系

Relationship between Shoe Making Workers' Job Stress and Job Burnout

[目的]探讨制鞋工人职业应激与工作疲竭感的关系。[方法]以制鞋业农民工为研究对象,使用职业应激调查问卷、工作疲竭感问卷进行调查,采用Spearman等级相关分析和多元逐步回归法进行分析。[结果]女性情感耗竭和人格解体评分高于男性;低工龄组情感耗竭、人格解体和工作疲竭感评分高于高工龄组;未婚组情感耗竭、个人成就感和工作疲竭感评分高于其他组。职业紧张各因素与工作疲竭感的相关性分析显示,情感耗竭、个人成就感、工作疲竭感与技能、主管支持、同事支持呈负相关;工作疲竭感与决策权呈负相关;人格解体与主管支持呈负相关;情感耗竭、人格解体、工作疲竭感与工作心理需求、外在付出、内在投入呈正相关;个人疲竭感与回报呈负相关。工作疲竭感逐步回归分析显示,贡献因素为付出与回报比、内在投入;负面影响因素为工作自主和社会支持。[结论]职业应激对工作疲竭感具有一定影响,社会应关注农民工生存状况,提高其生活质量,减轻职业应激所导致的工作疲竭感。

[ Objoctivo ] To explore the relationship between job stress and job burnout among shoe making workers. [ Methods ] The migrant workers of shoe making industry were selected for the study. The job-stress questionnaire and the job- burnout questionnaire were used. Spearman rank correlation analysis and hierarchical linear regression were applied for data analysis. [ Results ] The scores of the women＇s emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were higher than those of the men＇s. The scores of the low seniority＇s emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and job burnout were higher than those of the high seniority＇s. The scores of the unmarried workers＇ emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and job burnout were higher than those of the other eategores. The analysis of the correlation between the factors relating to job stress and job burnout showed negative correlations between the dimensions of job burnout （emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, job burnout） and the job stress-related factors （skills, supervisor support, colleague support）, a negative correlation between job burnout and decision-making power, and a negative correlation between depersonalization and supervisor support. But emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and job burnout presented positive correlations with job psychological demand, extrinsic effort, and internal input; job burnout negatively correlated with reward. The results of regression analysis on job burnout revealed that the contributing factors were effort/reward ratio and internal input, while task autonomy and social support were the negative factors. [ Conclusion ] Job stress can impact job burnout; therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to migrant workers＇ living condition, improve their quality of life, and lessen their job burnout caused by job stress.