上坡、下坡、水平三种短跑模式的运动学及姿态特征对比研究

Comparative Research on the Kinematics and Posture Features of Uphill,Downhill and Horizontal Sprints

选择3°、4°两种斜坡进行上坡、下坡最大跑速测试,并将测试结果与水平跑进行对比分析,结果表明:与水平跑相比,下坡跑能显著提高受试者的最大跑速(MRS),而上坡跑则相反;不论上坡还是下坡跑,步长是引起跑速变化的主要贡献者,其中下坡跑中,步长显著增长,这种改变与下坡跑受试者着地与离地的姿势特征有关;而上坡跑中,步长显著缩短,这种变化与上坡跑的姿势变化及腾空距离的缩小有关;最大跑速的提升并不随着坡角增加而增加,实验确证最佳坡角的存在性,并认为专家推荐的3°最佳坡角阈值是可信的;步长与姿态角之间急剧变化及它们之间的相互作用也许正是斜坡训练的独有特质,与水平训练相比,斜坡训练引起受试者姿势及运动学特征的改变对于提高短跑成绩的内在机制还有待于进一步研究。

The paper chooses 3 ° and 4 ° slopes to conduct uphill and downhill maximum running speed （MRS） test and then compares the test results with and horizontal running. The results show that compared with the horizontal running, running downhill can significantly increase the maximum running speed of the subjects （MRS） while running uphill is just on the contrary. Whether uphill or downhill running, the step size is the major contributor of the change of the running speed. In downhill running, ture characteristics of landing and taking the step length increase dramatically, off. In uphill running, step length is the change of uphill running posture and the shortened taking which is associated with the subjects＇pos- significantly shortened, which is related to - off distance. The increase of maximum running speed is of no ascension with the increases slope angle. Experiments have confirmed the existence of the optimum slope angle and that the 3 ~ optimum angle threshold recommended by experts is credible.