历史时期芍陂水源变迁的初步考察

A Primary Study on Water Changes of Quebei in the History of China

水源是芍陂存废及其灌溉功效发挥的关键性因素。芍陂史上有淠水、肥水和龙穴山水三源,三者经历了递相兴废的变迁过程。淠水在两汉时为芍陂主源,但乃后淠源泥淤;隋唐时,情况趋劣;宋元时,淠源严重淤塞,并于明前期完全淤废;清末虽有修复淠源之议,但因事艰工巨,终而无果。肥水水道在北魏以后湮塞。龙穴山水从唐代开始,即为芍陂重要水源,惟因其水量有限,加之所经地区民人"决为沟渠"等行为的影响,其来水难以保证芍陂的蓄水和灌溉需求,因而不能从根本上扭转唐宋以来芍陂生态负向变迁的趋势。芍陂水源变化与历史时期地方豪族占陂为田并导致陂塘的萎缩,在时间上具有一致性,表明水源的日益衰微导致陂塘蓄水不足,给豪势之家占陂为田提供了可乘之机,这是芍陂衰微的根本原因。

Water is the key factor of Quebei! s rise and fall. In its history, there were Pi River, Fei River and Long Xue Shan River, and each of them experienced its change. During the Han Dynasties, the Pi River was the main source, but later it choked. During the Sui and the Tang Dynasties, the situation of the Pi River got worse. During the Song and the Yuan Dy- nasties, it was choked seriously, and was completely dilapidated in the early Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the suggestion was mentioned to repair the Pi River, but it was given up. The Fei River choked after the North Wei Dynasty. From the Tang Dynasty, Long Xue Shan River was important water, but for its limited quantity and the social behavior, the water failed to ensure Quebei＇ s demands. Water changes and the shortage of water was the radical cause of Quebei＇ s decline.