清末民国师范生免费教育政策的历史审视

A Historic Review of the Policy of Free Normal Education during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

中国师范教育自创立之日起,在学费政策上相当长一段时期以免费为主,从而形成了我国师范生免费教育的历史传统。在制度构想上,清末民国的师范生免费教育政策试图以灵活多样之收费形式吸引优秀生源,以刚柔相济之服务义务确保从事教育事业,二者首尾呼应,并兼以恩威并用之奖惩机制保障之。进一步推进当前师范生免费教育政策,可在构建师范生学费政策的弹性框架、放宽师范生服务义务的就业限制和健全师范生长期从教的激励机制三方面予以借鉴。

China＇s tuition policy of teacher education was free of charge for a long period of time from the date of its creation, consequently, the historical tradition of free normal education was formed in China. In the institutional design, the conception of normal education policy during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China tried to attract outstanding students by flexible tuition, to ensure the service obligations by the flexible and rigid combined management pattern ; at the same time it applied the mechanism of carrot and stick to protect the policy. For the reference, to further improve and promote the current free education policy of normal college students in China, we can build an elastic tuition policy framework, relax restrictions on the employment service obligations and push ahead the incentive system to encourage long-term teaching behavior.