近义复合动词「~始める」「~だす」的范畴体系构建

Construction of the Category System of Synonymous Compound Verbs“~hajimeru”“~dasu”

复合动词具有的表达细腻、表述合体、表意严谨的特点使之在使用时所产生的表达效果比单体基础动词更具优势，在日语语言交际中起着至关重要的作用。但由于复合动词的教学目标、讲授方法、评价标准、教材开发，及学习指导系统构建等方面存在的问题，长久以来广大日语学习者一直为复合动词学习项目所困扰。研究以中国中高级日语学习者和日语母语者为调查对象，通过问卷调查和访谈的形式，运用卡方检验和比较分析的方法，明确了日语学习者关于出现频率最高的近义复合动词［～始めち］［～さす］的使用状况，考察了日语学习者与日语母语者关于［～始めち］［～さす］范畴体系的异同，并分析了产生异同的原因，以期对日语教学提供有益的参考。

Compound verbs with features of delicate expression, appropriate presentation and rigorous meaning, which gives them an advantage over single base verbs in terms of the expression effect and plays a critical role in Japanese communication. Due to problems such as teaching objective, teaching method, e- valuation criteria, textbook development and the construction of learning guidance system, for a long time the majority of Japanese learners have been plagued by compound verbs. In this study, Chinese intermedi- ate, advanced Japanese learners and native Japanese speakers are surveyed through questionnaire and inter- view, using chi-square test and comparative analysis method. It clarifies how Japanese learners use the most frequently used compound verbs ～hajimeru and ～dasu, investigates and analyzes the similari- ties and differences of using the category of ～hajimeru and ～dasu between Chinese Japanese learners and native learners. The reasons for generating similarities and differences are also analyzed so that it can provide some conducive reference for Japanese teaching.