兔胫骨金黄色葡萄球菌慢性骨髓炎模型的制备

The Establishment of Chronic Osteomyelitis Induces by Staphylococcus Aureus in Rabbits Tibia

目的总结利用金黄色葡萄球菌制备新西兰大白兔胫骨慢性骨髓炎动物模型的方法及经验。方法 30例健康新西兰大白兔,戊巴比妥钠全麻后利用5 mm骨钻在胫骨近段钻孔,制造骨缺损,向骨髓腔内注射5μL鱼肝油酸钠(作为硬化剂)和金黄色葡萄球菌(注射总量为2×106cfu),骨蜡封闭后不做任何治疗。4周后采用大体观察、放射学、细菌学及组织病理学等方法评价动物模型的制备情况。结果所有大白兔都可以看到早期伤口流脓、局部组织肿胀、病腿跛行,不同程度食欲减退伴有体重减轻。术后早期有3例因菌血症死亡,27例放射学表现为典型的骨髓炎,具体表现为中度到广泛的皮质反应,皮质骨破坏,轻度到广泛新骨形成,在胫骨髓腔的近端多有死骨形成,均培养出金黄色葡萄球菌,病理学显示为慢性活动性炎症、骨溶解、并有新生编织骨,造模成功率为90.0%(27/30)。结论使用本方法可较为稳定可靠地制备出兔胫骨慢性骨髓炎动物模型,值得在骨髓炎的动物研究中推广应用。

Objective To summarize the establishment and experience of the rabbits＂ chronic osteomyelitis model in the tibia by staphylococcus aureus. Methods Thirty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were drilled by 5 mm bone drilling in the proximal of the tibia under general anaesthesia by sodium pentobarbital for the bone defects. All rabbits were injected 5ul sodi- um morrhuate （as the sclerosing agents） and staphylococcus aureus （2×106 cfu in total） into the proximal tibial marrow cavi- ty, without any treatment after bone wax. Evaluation was done by clinical, radiologic, bacteriologic and histopathology after four weeks. Results There was clinical progression of the disease observed by draining wounds, the early wound pyorrhea,local in- flammatory edema, a postoperative limp that survived in all rabbits, and varied degrees of anorexia with weight loss in all rab- bits. There were 3 cases dead for fatal sepsis at early period. Twenty - seven of the 30 animals had radiographic evidence of os- teomyelitis. Radiologic features were moderate to typical osteomyelitis, moderate to extensive periosteal reaction, cortical lysis, mild＇to extensive new bone formation and frequent development of sequestra limited to the proximal part of the tibia. All speci- mens were cultured staphylococcus anreus. Histopathology showed chronic active inflammation, osteolysis, new woven bone for- mation. This method can successfully prepare animal models of chronic osteomyelitis with an achievement ratio of 90.0% （27/ 30）. Conclusion This method could establish the animal models in rabbits＇tibia of chronic osteomyelitis with satisfaction and was deserved to be used in the research of the animal of chronic osteomyelitis widely.