第三方支付沉淀资金及孳息的法律权属问题研究——基于财产权视野下的物权债权区分理论视角

A Discussion on the Ownership of the Depositing Fund and Its Interests of the Third Party Payment Platform: On the Division Theory of Forderungsrechte and Sachenrechte

物权和债权的分立是大陆法系民法理论分析和法典构架的基石,二者区分的真正基础在于支配性和请求性。第三方支付沉淀资金及其滋生利息的权属问题需依物债区分的支配性和请求性并在财产权利的周延性分类中寻求正当定位。依物权的支配性标准,沉淀资金的所有权归属于客户,但第三方支付机构可适度使用。依原物与孳息权属一致的民法原理,沉淀资金利息归属于客户,但返还时应充分考虑现实困境和第三方支付机构的成本投入,因而需以多样化的方式体现实质意义上的所有权归属。监管政策亦需充分考虑基本的法律原理和复杂的市场交易现状之间的差异性,并在各方博弈中实现动态均衡。

The division theory of Forderungsrechte and Sachenrechte is the cornerstone of theoretical analysis and code architecture in civil law, the substantial difference between Sachenrechte and Schul- dreeht is the form of right： Sachenrechte is right of dominion. The Ownership of the depositing fund and its interests of the Third Party Payment Platform need proper location on the division theory of Forder- ungsrechte and Sachenrechte and holonomic classification. On the dominion, the ownership of the de- positing fund belongs to customer. But he Third Party Payment Platform can use appropriately. Because the original and its interests belong to the same subject, the interests belong to customer. But whether it should return or not, we should consider practical dilemma and costs. So the ownership should be refleeted virtually. We should consider the difference between legal theory and reality when the policy is formulated. The aim is dynamical balanced in the game.