先秦儒家的“人性论”及其当代价值研究

On the Pre-Qin Confucian “Human Nature” and Its Contemporary Value

人性论是先秦儒家十分关注的话题。儒家注重修养,而人性论又是修养的前提和基础。人性论最早由春秋末年的孔子提出,孔子对人性的简单表述在学术界引发了很大的分歧,也为后来儒家人性论的发展打造了一个良好的平台。先秦人性论的形成是政治、经济、文化和学术背景因素综合作用的结果。在先秦人性论产生的背景基础上,通过分析孔子、孟子和荀子提出的"性"的含义和道德本质,着力梳理出他们的"人性论"观点,并以此为线索剖析性善论和性恶论之间的差别。

Theory of Human Nature is a hot topic in Pre - qin Confucion. The Confucian attaches importance to self - culti- vation while the theory of Human Nature is the premise and base of self- cultivation. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius put forward the theory whose simple description on human nature not only amused a lot of controversy in academic field but also built a good platform for the later development of the Confucian theory of Human Nature. Formation of the pre - Qin theory of Human Nature is due to the comprehensive effect of politics, economy, culture and academic background. Based on the pre - Qin theory, the paper analyzes the meaning and moral essence of the ＂Nature＂ from expla- nation of Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi, summarizes their standpoints in terms of Human Nature and thus differentiate Doc- trine of Good Human Nature and Doctrine of Evil Human Nature.