客运汽车驾驶员驾驶适宜性的实证研究

Empirical Research on the Driving Adaptation of Bus Drivers

目的研究客运汽车驾驶员的驾驶适宜性,对比安全驾驶员和事故倾向性驾驶员在心理素质方面的差异。方法运用速度知觉、深度知觉、综合反应时和双手调节仪等仪器,卡特尔16PF人格量表和状态-特质焦虑量表对云南省362名专职客运汽车驾驶员的驾驶适宜性进行检测。结果有肇事经历驾驶员在选择反应时、四肢反应时和双手协调时间3个指标上显著快于无肇事经历驾驶员(t=-3.5,-3.0;P<0.001;t=-2.4,P<0.05);在稳定性、有恒性、自律性3种人格因子上显著低于无肇事经历驾驶员(t=-2.3,-2.4,P<0.05;t=-3.6,P≤0.001),在忧虑性、紧张性、适应与焦虑型3个人格特质上都显著高于无肇事经历驾驶员(t=2.4,P<0.05;t=4.3,3.6;P<0.001);在状态焦虑和特质焦虑两项因子上均高于无肇事经历驾驶员(t=2.4,2.3;P<0.05)。结论安全驾驶员的心理素质优于事故倾向性驾驶员,反应时、人格特点和焦虑指标对客运汽车驾驶员的选择具有重要的参考意义。

Objective To investigate the driving adaptation of bus drivers and compare the differences between the drivers who had no traffic accidents and the drivers who had traffic accidents ever before. Methods A total of 362 full-time bus drivers in Yunnan prov- ince were surveyed with instruments including speed anticipation, depth perception, multiple reaction judgment and two-hands adjuster, Cattell~ 16 PF inventory and State-Trait Anxiety. Results Three indexes including choice reaction time, the limbs reaction time, two- hands coordination time from the drivers who had traffic accidents ever before were faster significantly than those from the drivers who had no traffic accidents（ t = -3.5,-3.0, -2.4 ;P 〈 0.05 ） ; And three personality traits including anxiety, tonicity, adaptability from the drivers who had traffic accidents ever before were higher obviously than those from the drivers who had no traffic accidents（ t =-2. 3 ,-2.4 ,-3.6; P 〈 O. 05 ） and the three personality factors including stability, constancy, personal discipline from the drivers who had traffic accidents ev- er before were lower obviously than those from the drivers who had no traffic accidents （t = 2. 4,4. 3,3.6;P 〈 0.05 ） ;and the two factors including state anxiety and trait anxiety from the drivers who had traffic accidents ever before were higher than those from the drivers who had no traffic accidents （ t = 2.4,2. 3 ;P 〈 O. 05 ）. Conclusion Psychological quality of the drivers who had no traffic accidents is better than that of those drivers who had traffic accidents . These test indexes can be referenced in the respect of the choice of bus drivers.