大学生自杀意念和暴力风险的调查

College Students' Suicide Ideation and Violence Risk

目的调查大学生自杀意念和暴力风险的现状并分析其影响因素。方法本研究采用问卷法对842名大学生的自杀意念及暴力风险状况进行了调查,分析了自杀意念、暴力风险在性别、年级、户籍、家庭结构、独生子女等的分布差异,并从家庭、个体、心理压力的角度分析自杀意念和暴力风险的影响因素。结果大学生自杀风险检出率为16.5%,暴力风险检出率为15.4%。自杀意念者在性别(χ2=11.92,P<0.01)、家庭结构(χ2=4.49,P<0.05)和年级(χ2=7.97,P<0.05)的分布上存在显著差异。暴力风险在性别分布上存在显著差异(χ2=4.17,P<0.05)。家庭、人格、心理压力与自杀意念、暴力风险呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论父母对子女的干涉限制、神经质倾向人格以及心理压力感会增加自杀和暴力的风险。

Objective To investigate college students＂ suicide ideation and violence risk, and analyze their influencing factors. Methods This study used questionnaire to investigate 842 college students＂ suicide ideation and violence risk condition, and analyzed differences of the suicidal ideation and violence risk in gender, grade, census register,family Structure, one-child,we also analyzed influ- encing factors of suicide ideation and violence risk from family, personal, and situation of pressure. Results The detection rate of sui- cide-risk was 16.5%, the detection rate of violence-risk was 15.4%. For suicidal ideation, there were significant distribution-differences in gender（x2 = 11.92, P 〈 0.01 ）, family structure （X2 = 4.49, P 〈 0.05 ） and grade （X2 = 7.97, P 〈 0.05 ）. For the violence-risk, There was significant distribution-differences in gender（x2 = 4. 17, P 〈 0.05 ）. There were significantly positive correlations between family （P 〈 0.01 ） , personality, pressure and suicide and violence. And there was significantly negative correlation between resilience and suicide and violence （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Parents interference constraint, neuroticism personality and psychological stress can increase the risk of violence and suicide.