面向儿童生命整体的儿童教育——对儿童教育问题的现象学思考

Children's Education Facing Wholeness of Children's Life—Phenomenological Reflection on Problems of Children's Education

现象学是研究意识的学问,关注存在境遇中人的意向性选择与意义世界的构造;儿童教育是事关儿童身心成长的事务,其目的在于引导儿童构建他们的心灵世界,发展他们的生存智慧、能力和健全的人格。在各种存在关系中建构心灵世界是现象学和儿童教育的内在一致性问题。现象学的问题情境、基本问题、基本追求启发我们:儿童教育只有面向儿童整体的生命活动,使儿童以完整的心灵融入日常的行动中,基于生活的自觉意识主动地学习,儿童才能够获得身心的健康成长,进而儿童教育才可能真正地建立在人道的基础之上。

Phenomenology is a study of consciousness on intentional choices and the construction of meaning of human beings in their existing circumstances. Children＇s education is a business on the development of children＇s mind, with its purpose to guide children to construct their mind and cultivate their survival wis- dom ability, and healIhy personality as well. Constructing spiritual world of people in various living rela- tions is an internal common issue hetween phenomenology and children＇s education. The problem situation, as well as the basic problems and the basic pursuit of phenomenology can help us to find the following en- lightenments： only when children＇s education faces the life activities of the whole children, and the children have involved ＊in daily life as a whole being and learn by their self - consciousness, can children grow up healthily and children＇s education be really based on the humanity.