MOOCs与远程教育运行机制的比较研究

A Comparative Study of MOOCs and Distance Education on the Operating Mechanism

随着MOOCs(大规模开放在线课程)的兴起,各界对其与远程教育的关注逐渐升温。从在线教育运行机制的角度,对MOOCs和现有远程教育运行机制进行对比分析:首先选用比较分析研究法,提出对比指标项的选择依据,选取MOOCs的三个典型机构——Coursera、edX和Udacity以及远程教育的代表机构——英国开放大学和中国国家开放大学作为比较对象。其次从总体规划设计、教学环境、资源建设、师资发展、支持服务、教育管理与质量保证、成本效益和盈利模式、社会认可等八个方面,逐一比较MOOCs与现有的远程教育运行机制。结果表明,MOOCs在运行机制方面的探索将给远程教育的发展以新的启示,体现在MOOCs借助"名校、名师、名课"效应,增加课程的影响力;采用"高校加盟、统一平台、统一制作"的协同运作方式;运行主体由传统的教育机构转变为公司等。另一方面,MOOCs仅以名校声誉作为质量保障的基础,缺乏有效的学习支持服务,也不具备系统、完整的教学管理体系。所以,更为成熟的远程教育则能够为MOOCs的进一步发展提供丰富的经验。

With the rush of MOOCs, discussion on the relationship between MOOCs and distance education is heated gradually. A comparative study of MOOCs and distance education on the operating mechanism is conducted. The study, with the comparison analysis method, determines the selected comparative indicators, and chooses the representative organizations of MOOCs （Coursera, edX and Udacity） and typical bodies of distance education （the Open University of UK and the Open University of China） as comparison objects. 1~nen the characteristics of MOOCs and distance education are compared from the eight aspects of the overall planning and design, teaching environment, resources construction, teacher development, student support services, educational management and quality assurance, a cost-effective and profitable model and social recognition. The conclusion is that some new ideas of the operating mechanism of MOOCs have affected the development of distance education, for example, MOOCs, with ＂famous universities, best teachers and high-quality courses＂, improves the influence of the courses; the operating way of MOOCs is ＂leading universities affiliation, unified platform, unified production＂; the operating body changes from educational organizations into companies. However, MOOCs, whose quality only depends on the elite universities＇ reputation, lack effective learning support services and complete tutoring system, so distance education with mature systems on these aspects can bring some inspirations to the further development of MOOCs.