肾小球薄基底膜病及遗传性肾炎的超微病理诊断

Ultrastructural pathologic diagnosis of thin glomerular basement membrane disease and Alport syndrome

电镜检查在肾活检诊断中具有重要作用 ,它与常规组织学观察及免疫组化检查一起构成了各种肾小球疾病诊断的基础。本文重点介绍肾小球薄基底膜病和遗传性肾炎两种较常见于学龄前儿童而又易被忽视的肾脏病 ,这两种遗传性肾小球病各有其病变特征和发病规律 ,其中电镜检查是诊断和鉴别诊断这两种肾脏病的最为重要的手段。

Electron microscope is an invaluable tool in the evaluation of renal biopsies.Along with routine histology and immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy forms the basis for assessment of a wide range of glomerular disorders. Thin glomerular basement membrane disease (TBMD) and Alport syndrome(AS) are two kinds of generalized inherited disorder of basement membranes with different clinicopathologic features,which are commonly occurred in children with hematuria. Electron microscopic examination of renal tissue remains the most readily available means for confirming a suspected diagnosis of TBMD and AS.