金标免疫电镜在自身免疫性大疱病研究中的应用

The application of gold-labeling immunoelectron microscopic techniques in human autoimmune bullous diseases

采用 LR White作为包埋剂 ,用胶体金标记包埋后直接和间接免疫电镜技术 ,对天疱疮、大疱性类天疱疮、线型 Ig A大疱性皮肤病皮损组织中的抗体和血清中自身抗体对正常人皮肤的结合部位进行研究。发现 Ig G型天疱疮抗体位于桥粒上 ;Ig G型类天疱疮抗体在半桥粒上及透明层中 ;而线型Ig A大疱病 Ig A型自身抗体结合在半桥粒、透明层和致密层中。提示寻常型天疱疮和落叶型天疱疮抗原均位于桥粒复合体上 ;大疱性类天疱疮抗原位于半桥粒上及其下方的透明层中 ;线型 Ig A大疱病抗原位于半桥粒上、透明层和 /或致密层中。本文同时就金标记包埋后免疫电镜在大疱性皮肤病诊断和研究中的价值进行介绍和讨论。

The autoantigens in the skin lesion and the target antigen of autoantibodies in the sera of patients with pemphigus, bullous pemphgoid, and linear IgA bullous dermatosis were studied by post embedding gold labeling direct and indirect immunoelectron microscopic techniques using LR White resin as embedding reagent. The ultrastructure of skin tissue specimens were satisfactorily preserved with desmosomes, tonofilaments, basement membrane zone and the plasma membrane. In all cases of pemphigus, gold particles were found to bind exclusively to the desmosomal complexes. Gold particles labeling antibody or SPA bound to the hemidesmosomes and/or the lamina lucida in the skin lesion and the sera with bullous pemphigoid by direct and indirect immunoelectron microscopy. In the specimens with linear IgA bullous dermatosis, the gold particles were found to bind to the hemidesmosomes, lamina lucida and lamina densa. The results suggested that the autoantigens in pemphigus located on the desmosomal complexes, without difference between pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus. The autoantigens in bullous pemphigoid located on the hemidesmosomal complexes and/or lamina lucida. The autoantigens in the linear IgA bullous dermatosis located on the hemidesmosomes, lamina lucida and/or lamina densa.