微重力环境利用

MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT UTILIZATION

文章阐述了微重力条件下的流体物理基本现象的研究 ,包括流体和体积输运 ,扩散与质量输运 ,毛细与润湿、固化、成核与过冷、临界现象以及学科的相关性 .继之 ,简要介绍了微重力实际应用 ,包括 :太空材料加工 ,各种晶体生长 ,金属与合金、复合材料、玻璃等加工工艺 ;燃烧与微重力问题 ;生命科学中微重力利用问题 (另文发表 ) .其间 ,顺便讨论了航天技术发展对微重力科学的推进与限制 ,针对我国卫星应用这个课题 ,以理论联系实际的方法进行分析评价 .该文是对《微重力实验环境》一文 (见 1998年第 7期《物理》)的补充 .

As a supplement to a previous paper[Wuli(Physics),Vol.27,No.7],further applications of microgravity environment will be described. In the former article, we concluded that the microgravity has a greater deference on fluids than on solids, since the gravity force is not strong enough to change the solid structure. We first discuss the elementary phenomena of fluid physics under microgravity such as fluid and volume transport, diffusion and mass transport, capillary action and moistening, solidification, nucleation and supercooling, critical phenomenon, and the interreaction of the subjects. Then, a brief introduction to microgravity application will be given including material processing in space:crystal growth, processing of metals, alloys, composite materials, glass etc., and fundamental problem of combustion in microgravity. Life science studies in space will be discussed in another paper. The development of microgravity science depends closely on the progress of space technology, and this will be analyzed with particular reference to the applications to Chinese satellite.